The question is incomplete. The complete question is :
In science, we like to develop explanations that we can use to predict the outcome of events and phenomena. Try to develop an explanation that tells how much NaOH needs to be added to a beaker of HCl to cause the color to change. Your explanation can be something like: The color change will occur when [some amount] of NaOH is added because the color change occurs when [some condition]. The goal for your explanation is that it describes the outcome of this example, but can also be used to predict the outcome of other examples of this phenomenon. Here's an example explanation: The color of the solution will change when 40 ml of NaOH is added to a beaker of HCl because the color always changes when 40ml of base is added. Although this explanation works for this example, it probably won't work in examples where the flask contains a different amount of HCl, such as 30ml. Try to make an explanation that accurately predicts the outcome of other versions of this phenomenon.
Solution :
Consider the equation of the reaction between NaOH and
NaOH (aq) + HCl (aq) → NaCl(aq) +
The above equation tells us that of reacts with of .
So at the equivalence point, the moles of NaOH added = moles of present.
If the volume of the taken = mL and the conc. of = mole/L
The volume of NaOH added up to the color change = mole/L
Moles of taken = moles.
The color change will occur when the moles of NaOH added is equal to the moles of taken.
Thus when
or when
or mL of NaOH added, we observe the color change.
Where are the volume and molarity of the taken.
is the molarity of NaOH added.
When both the NaOH and are of the same concentrations, i.e. if , then
Or the 40 mL of will need 40 mL of NaOH for a color change and
30 mL of would need 30 mL of NaOH for the color change (provided the concentration )
6.5 is subtracted from each number. 9 - 6.5 = 2.5 2.5 - 6.5 = -4 -4 - 6.5 = -10.5 -10.5 - 6.5 = -17 or you could think of adding -6.5 to everything if that is easier for you to picture.
Nitrogen reacts with oxygen to form a number of nitrogen oxides. It exhibits different oxidation states in its oxides, ranging from +1 to +5. Oxides of nitrogen having nitrogen in the higher oxidation state are more acidic than that in lower oxidation state. Nitrogen oxides are critical components of photochemical smog. They produce the yellowish-brown colour of the smog. In poorly ventilated situations, indoor domestic appliances such as gas stoves and gas or wood heaters can be significant sources of nitrogen oxides.
Following are the harmful effects caused by the oxides of nitrogen
Nitrogen oxides causes irritation in mucous membrane.
Large concentrations of Nitrogen oxide causes lungs problems in humans
It causes injuries to vegetation by damaging leaves.
Nitrogen oxide oxidizes Hydrocarbons in the presence of sunlight, which causes eye irritation, asthama attacks, nasal and throat infections.