the states of the reactants and products
the temperature and pressure at which the reaction was carried out
the relative amounts of reactants and products
the type of catalyst that is used to speed up the reaction
whether the reaction can go in both directions
Explanation:
A chemical equation is an equation that shows how the reactants are combining together to give the products.
The following are the information to include when writing a chemical equation;
- the states of the reactants and products
whether solid, liquid or gases or aqueous, It is usually appended as a subscript in bracket
- the temperature and pressure at which the reaction was carried out
this shows the condition under which the reaction was carried out. It also gives useful information that can be used to quantitatively determine heat changes in a reaction.
- the relative amounts of reactants and products
this is usually derived from the balanced equation. They are the numbers appended at the beginning of the species in the equation
- the type of catalyst that is used to speed up the reaction
it is a good practices to provide the information about the catalyst used.
- whether the reaction can go in both directions
→ signifies one direction
⇔ both directions
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When Δ H > 0 that means this is an endothermic reaction, and we can assume heat as one of the reactants. SO when the temperature increases so the reaction will move rightward to decrease the reactants and increase the products and as the products increase it will make the Kw increase also as
Kw = [Products] /[reactants].
So our answer will be: the value of Kw will increase.
Na: +1 (sodium)
S: -2 (sulfur)
=> Na2S
If we abbreviate the formula for nicotine as Nic, then the equations for two different equilibria of Nic in water are
Nic + H2O ---> NicH+ + OH-
NicH+ + H2O ---> NicH2 2+ + OH-
We can write the Kb1 expression for the first equation as
Kb1 = 1.0×10^-6 = [NicH+][OH-] / [Nic]
1.0×10^-6 = x^2 / 1.85×10^-3 - x
Approximating that x is negligible compared to 1.85×10^-3 simplifies the equation to
1.0×10^-6 = x^2 / 1.85×10^-3
x = 0.0000430
x = [OH-] = 4.30×10^-5 M
From the Kb2 expression
Kb2 = 1.3×10-11 = [NicH2 2+][OH-] / [NicH+]
1.1×10^-10 = x^2 / 4.30×10^-5 - x
Approximating that x is negligible compared to 4.30×10^-5 simplifies the equation to
1.1×10^-10 = x^2 / 4.30×10^-5
x = [OH-] = 6.88×10^-8
The concentration [OH-] can be computed as
[OH-] = 4.30×10^-5 M + 6.88×10^-8 M = 4.30×10^-5 M
This shows that the second equilibrium has a negligible effect on the pH.
We can now calculate for pH:
pOH = -log [OH-] = -log (4.30×10^-5 M) = 4.37
pH = 14 - pOH = 14 - 4.37 = 9.63
Answer B for Plato I just answer this question