Answer:
14 H⁺ + Cr₂O₇²⁻ + 6Cl⁻ → 3Cl₂ + 2Cr³⁺ + 7H₂O
The coefficient that will be used for Cl₂ in this reaction is 3
Explanation:
We use the method of electron-ion to the balance.
We assume that the redox reaction is happening at acidic medium.
Cr₂O₇²⁻ + Cl⁻ → Cl₂ + Cr³⁺
Chloride is raising the oxidation state from -1 in the chloride, to 0 in the chloride dyatomic. This is the half reaction of oxidation
2Cl⁻ → Cl₂ + 2e⁻ Oxidation
In the dichromate anion, chromium acts with +6 in oxidation state, and we have 2 Cr, so the global charge of the element is +12. To change to Cr³⁺ it has release 3 electrons, but we have 2 Cr, so it finally released 6 e-. The oxidation state was decreased, so this is the reduction half reaction.
14 H⁺ + Cr₂O₇²⁻ + 6e⁻ → 2Cr³⁺ + 7H₂O Reduction
As we have 7 O in the product side, we add 7 water, to the opposite place. In order to balance the H (protons) we, add the amount of them, in the opposite side, again.
(2Cl⁻ → Cl₂ + 2e⁻) ₓ3
(14 H⁺ + Cr₂O₇²⁻ + 6e⁻ → 2Cr³⁺ + 7H₂O) ₓ1
We multiply the half reactions, in order to remove the electrons and we sum, the equations:
14 H⁺ + Cr₂O₇²⁻ + 6e⁻ + 6Cl⁻ → 3Cl₂ + 6e⁻ + 2Cr³⁺ + 7H₂O
Now, that we have the same amount of electrons, they can cancelled, so the balanced redox reaction is:
14 H⁺ + Cr₂O₇²⁻ + 6Cl⁻ → 3Cl₂ + 2Cr³⁺ + 7H₂O
