Answer:
Mutations can be caused by high-energy sources such as radiation or by chemicals in the environment. They can also appear spontaneously during the replication of DNA. Mutations generally fall into two types: point mutations and chromosomal aberrations. In point mutations, one base pair is changed. A single mutation can have a large effect, but in many cases, evolutionary change is based on the accumulation of many mutations with small effects. Mutational effects can be beneficial, harmful, or neutral, depending on their context or location. Most non-neutral mutations are deleterious.
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Answer:
The value of the heat capacity of the Calorimeter
= 54.4 
Explanation:
Given data
Heat added Q = 4.168 KJ = 4168 J
Mass of water
= 75.40 gm
Temperature change = ΔT = 35.82 - 24.58 = 11.24 ° c
From the given condition
Q =
ΔT +
ΔT
Put all the values in above equation we get
4168 = 75.70 × 4.18 × 11.24 +
× 11.24
611.37 =
× 11.24
= 54.4 
This is the value of the heat capacity of the Calorimeter.
Answer:
See explanation and image attached
Explanation:
Alkenes undergo hydrogenation to give the corresponding alkanes. Where the structure of the original alkene is unknown, we can deduce the structure of the alkene from the structure of the products obtained when it undergoes various chemical reactions.
Now, the fact that we obtained 2-methylhexane upon hydrogenation and the two compounds had different heats of hydrogenation means that the two compounds were geometric isomers. The original compounds must have been cis-2-methyl-3-hexene and trans-2-methyl-3-hexene.
When reacted with HCl, the same compound C7H15Cl is formed because the stereo chemistry is removed.
However, we know that the trans isomer is more stable than the cis isomer hence the cis isomer always has a higher heat of hydrogenation than the trans isomer. Thus X is cis-2-methyl-3-hexene.
2 Cr + 3 Cl2 ------> 2CrCl3