Gold III Or Gold trichloride |
The question is partially incorrect, because nitration of <span> methyl benzoate results in generation of methyl 3-nitrobenzoate, and not methyl 2-benzoate.
This a because of the present of ester group, which deactivated benzene ring at ortho and para position. Due to this, the electrophile (NO2+) attackes on meta position.
The detailed mechanism is attached below.</span>
Since nonmetals have five, six, or seven electrons in their valence shells, it takes less energy to gain the necessary electrons, and therefore form anions.
I'm pretty sure the answer is 0.833 atm.
Hope I helped! <3
-cara