Answer: -
The first step involves protonation of the carbonyl oxygen.
After protonation, the Alcohol oxygen now attacks the carbon of the carbonyl.
Thus a six membered ring is formed with 5 carbon atoms and 1 oxygen atom. The 1st position carbon atom has 2 OH groups.
One of these gets again protonated.
This leaves as water. With the loss of the H+, there results a carbonyl at 1 position.
Thus 5-hydroxypentanoic acid forms a lactone or 2-oxanone in presence of acid.
The grams of water produced is c
Remark
The balance numbers in front of the chemicals tell you how to set up the proportion to solve your question
For every 2 moles Na only 1 mole of Cl2 is required.
Equation
2 moles Na:1 mole Cl2 :: x moles Na:4 moles Cl2
Solution
2/1 = x/4 Cross multiply
2*4 = x*1
8 = x
Conclusion
8 moles of Na will be used. <<< Answer
Yes i believe there are energy changes when substances are dissolved in water which are either exothermic or endothermic. When a substance is dissolved in water and temperature goes up, heat is released or produced which is called exothermic change. Most substances dissolve in water lowering the temperature and are endothermic changes as energy is absorbed. For example when sodium chloride dissolves in water there is very little change in temperature which is exothermic.
