Thermos bottles are equipped with the parts that can prevent the hot water from cooling down by the three ways: Supporting the inner container by a few heat-insulating supporters to minimize the heat loss through heat conduction, using a vacuum space between the outer and the inner vessels to eliminate the heat loss by the air convection, and giving a high reflectivity to the inner surface of the outer vessel and the whole surface of the inner container to reduce the heat loss due to the radiation cooling.
Answer:
E = 8.5 * 10^6 V/m
Explanation:
In general we have the following relation between the Electric Field and the Elecric Potential:

Due to the vector nature of the electric filed, we can only know the mean Electric field E across the membrane, and take it out from the integral, that is:
E = (ΔV)/L
Where L is the thickness of the membrane and ΔV is the potential difference.
Therefore:
E = 8.53933*10^6 V/m
rounding to the first tenth:
E = 8.5 * 10^6 V/m
The diffusion coefficient of the gas is proportional to the average rate of thermal motion of the molecules.
the average velocity is inversely proportional to the square root of the molar mass
so
The gas diffusion rate is inversely proportional to the square root of its molecular weight.
It probably is the actual answer.
Answer:

Explanation:
In all atoms, the number of protons = number of electrons, as a result the atom is neutral. Losing or gaining electrons will make the atom electrically charged and we call an electrically charged atom an ion.
Ca 2+ would be the symbol because losing two negative electrons makes calcium's nucleus more positive by two protons.