Answer:
Explanation:
Chemical bonds and properties:
Chemical bonds are the forces that held the atoms in a molecules together. The strength of the bonds determine the some physical properties of material for example their hardness, solubility, boiling point, melting point etc. The stronger the bond , stronger will be the forces between them and it make difficult to separate the atoms.
There are three common type of bonding between atoms.
Ionic bonding
Covalent bonding
Metallic bonding
Ionic bonds are formed by complete transfer of electronic from one to another atoms. The compound having ionic bonds generally have moderate to high boiling points and melting point because of greater electrostatic interaction. Their electrical conductivity are high and these minerals tend to dissolve in water.
Covalent bonds are formed as a result of sharing of electrons between atoms. These compounds are insoluble , gases at room temperature, having low melting and boiling points and have low conductivity.
The metallic bond is formed when metals are present. Due to loosely bound electrons of metals, electrons are shared with the other atoms. This is a type of covalent bond but it is not a true covalent bond. Th mobile electrons import great electrical conductivity in material. As this is a weak bond so these materials have low melting and boiling points.
Ionic bond:
It is the bond which is formed by the transfer of electron from one atom to the atom of another element.
Both bonded atoms have very large electronegativity difference. The atom with large electronegativity value accept the electron from other with smaller value of electronegativity.
For example:
Sodium chloride is ionic compound. The electronegativity of chlorine is 3.16 and for sodium is 0.93. There is large difference is present. That's why electron from sodium is transfer to the chlorine. Sodium becomes positive and chlorine becomes negative ion. Both atoms are bonded together electrostatic attraction occur between anion and cations.
Covalent bond:
It is formed by the sharing of electron pair between bonded atoms.
The atom with larger electronegativity attract the electron pair more towards it self and becomes partial negative while the other atom becomes partial positive.
If the electronegativity difference between the atoms is less than 0.5 then the bond is non polar.
The bond between H₂, Cl₂, Br₂ is non polar covalent bond because electronegativity difference is zero.
For example:
In water the electronegativity of oxygen is 3.44 and hydrogen is 2.2. That's why electron pair attracted more towards oxygen, thus oxygen becomes partial negative and hydrogen becomes partial positive.
1.)The bond between two chlorine atoms is
Non polar
The bond between hydrogen and fluorine is
Polar Covalent
The bond between carbon and oxygen is
Polar Covalent
If the difference in electronegativity between two atoms is zero or almost zero, the bond between the two atoms is considered
Nonpolar
If there is a great difference in electronegativity between two atoms, the bond between the two atoms is considered
Polar Ionic
When electrons are shared between two atoms, but there is an uneven of sharing of electrons, then the bond between the two atoms is considered
Polar Covalent
According to the video, if the difference in electronegativity between two atoms is less than 0.5, then the bond is considered
Nonpolar
Generally speaking, the bond between a metal and a nonmetal is
Polar
Generally speaking, the bond between two nonmetals is
Non polar
Which of the following compounds is considered ionically bonded?
KCl
Nonpolar covalent compounds are usually ___ at room temperature.
Gases
Polar ionic compounds are usually ___ at room temperature.
solids
