This is a reduction half-reaction. Initially, gold exists as
, and after the reaction, it has been converted to elemental gold. To make this possible, three electrons must be added to <span>
. This fits within the definition of reduction reactions, where the reactant gains electrons in the reaction.</span>
We have that the the liquid is
- C_2H_5OH (ethanol
- And at a condition of H_2SO4 as catalyst and temp 170
From the question we are told
- A student wished to prepare <em>ethylene </em>gas by <em>dehydration </em>of ethanol at 140oC using sulfuric acid as the <em>dehydrating </em>agent.
- A low-boiling liquid was obtained instead of ethylene.
- What was the liquid, and how might the reaction conditions be changed to give ethylene
<h3>
Ethylene formation</h3>
Generally the equation is
2C_2H_5OH------CH3CH_2O-CH_2CH_3+H_20
Therefore
with ethanol at 140oC
The product is diethyl ethen
The reaction at 170 ethylene will give
C_2H_5OH-------CH_2=CH_2+H_2O( at a condition of H_2SO4 as catalyst and temp 170)
Therefore
The the liquid is
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The gas molecules move between the system and the surroundings follow PV=nRT.
<h3>What are molecules?</h3>
The smallest particle of a substance has all of the physical and chemical properties of that substance.
An increase in pressure pushes the molecules closer together, reducing the volume. If the pressure is decreased, the gases are free to move about in a larger volume.
In the kinetic theory of gasses, increasing the temperature of a gas increases in average kinetic energy of the molecules, causing increased motion.
The reduction in the volume of the gas means that the molecules are striking the walls more often increasing the pressure, and conversely if the volume increases the distance the molecules must travel to strike the walls increases and they hit the walls less often thus decreasing the pressure.
At constant temperature and pressure the volume of a gas is directly proportional to the number of moles of gas. At constant temperature and volume the pressure of a gas is directly proportional to the number of moles of gas.
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