Phosphorus is an essential nutrient for plants and animals. Phosphorus is a limiting nutrient for aquatic organisms. Phosphorus forms parts of important life-sustaining molecules that are very common in the biosphere.
Three factors that affect the biodiversity in an ecosystem
include area, diversity of niches, and climate. Keystone species
also have a large effect.
Answer:
The counter-current multiplier or the countercurrent mechanism is used to concentrate urine in the kidneys by the nephrons of the human excretory system. The nephrons involved in the formation of concentrated urine extend all the way from the cortex of the kidney to the medulla and are accompanied by vasa recta.
All chemical reactions involve energy. Energy is used to break bonds in reactants, and energy is released when new bonds form in products. (sorry if that’s not helpful.)
Bacterial diseases can be grouped into four broad categories based on the extent of damage to plant tissue and the symptoms that they cause, which may include vascular wilt, necrosis, soft rot, and tumours. Vascular wilt results from the bacterial invasion of the plant’s vascular system. The subsequent multiplication and blockage prevents movement (translocation) of water and nutrients through the xylem of the host plant. Drooping, wilting, or death of the aerial plant structure may occur; examples include bacterial wilt of sweet corn, alfalfa, tobacco, tomato, and cucurbits (e.g., squash, pumpkin, and cucumber) and black rot of crucifers. Pathogens can cause necrosis by secreting a toxin (poison). Symptoms include formation of leaf spots, stem blights, or cankers. Soft rot diseases are caused by pathogens that secrete enzymes capable of decomposing cell wall structures, thereby destroying the texture of plant tissue—i.e., the plant tissue becomes macerated (soft and watery). Soft rots commonly occur on fleshy vegetables such as potato, carrot, eggplant, squash, and tomato. Tumour diseases are caused by bacteria that stimulate uncontrolled multiplication of plant cells, resulting in the formation of abnormally large structures.
