Answer:
a. NO₂⁻ + H⁺ → HNO₂
b. HNO₂ + OH⁻ → NO₂⁻ + H₂O
Explanation:
A buffer is defined as an aqueous mixture of a weak acid and its conjugate base or vice versa.
The buffer of the problem is HNO₂/NO₂⁻ <em>where nitrous acid is the weak acid and NO₂⁻ is its conjugate base.</em>
a. When a acid is added to a buffer as the buffer of the problem, the conjugate base will react with the acid, to produce the weak acid, thus:
NO₂⁻ + HCl → HNO₂ + Cl⁻
Ionic equation is:
NO₂⁻ + H⁺ + Cl⁻ → HNO₂ + Cl⁻
In the net ionic equation, you avoid the ions that don't react, that is:
<h3>NO₂⁻ + H⁺ → HNO₂</h3>
b. In the same way, the weak acid will react with the strong acid producing water and the conjugate base, thus:
HNO₂ + NaOH → NO₂⁻ + H₂O + Na⁺
The ionic equation is:
HNO₂ + Na⁺ + OH⁻ → NO₂⁻ + H₂O + Na⁺
And the net ionic equation is:
<h3>HNO₂ + OH⁻ → NO₂⁻ + H₂O</h3>
E = hf
c = speed of electromagnetic wave, c ≈ 3 * 10⁸ m/s,
Planck's constant h = 6.63 *10⁻³⁴ Js
h = Planck's constnat, Frquency, f = c/λ = (3*10⁸)/(488*10⁻⁹)
E = hf
E = hc/λ
E = (6.63 * 10⁻³⁴ * 3 * 10⁸) /(488 * 10⁻⁹)
Energy, E ≈ 4.0758 * 10⁻¹⁹ Joules.
Parsec is a unit of distance (as stated 1 Parsec = 3.26 light years, wihch is 3.26 times the distance run by light in one year).
That distance is:
1 parsec = 3.26 mi× 186,000 mi/s × 3600 s/h × 24 h/day × 365 day/ year × 1 year = 19,122,168,960,000.mi.
So, the question of <span>how many parsecs it takes for light to reach Mars from Earth does not make sense because parsecs is not a unit of time.
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</span><span>You can calculate how many parsecs is equivalent to the distance between Mars and Earth, 60,000,000 km. For this you can first calculate the equivalence of which you do in this way:
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</span><span>60,000,000 km × 0,621 mi/km × 1 parsec / ( 19,122,168,960,000 mi) = 1.94E-6 parsecs.
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