You can determine the hazards of these chemicals by looking at their material data safety sheets (MSDS).
1. 0.1 M Ag⁺: Silver compounds are absorbed by skin causing bluish pigmentation. Thus, it <em>causes </em><span><em>staining on skin</em>.</span> Also, liquid <em>vapor may be irritating</em> to skin and also <em>moderately toxic when ingested</em>.
2. 0.1 M Ba²⁺: This is <em>mildly toxic when ingested</em> causing stomach irritation, muscle weakness, swelling of organs like brain, liver, kidney and heart.
3. 0.1 M Fe³⁺:Iron is <em>corrosive, has irritating vapor especially to the eyes, and toxic if ingested</em>.
4. 6 M HCl: This is a concentrated strong acid, so it is <em>corrosive, has irritating vapors, flammable and toxic when ingested</em>.
5. 6 M H₂SO₄: This is also a concentrated strong acid. Moreover, it is a strong oxidizing agent. So, its hazards include: <span><em>corrosive, has irritating vapors, toxic when ingested and causes staining on skin</em>.
</span>6. 6 M HNO₃: This is a concentrated strong acid, so it is <em>corrosive, has irritating vapors, flammable and toxic when ingested</em>.
7. 7.5 M NH₃: This is a weak base. It is characterized for its pungent odor. This is <em>corrosive, has irritating vapors, toxic if ingested, and flammable</em>.
Answer:
1.12×10¹¹ kg of CO₂ are produced with 4.6×10¹⁰ L of isooctane
Explanation:
Let's state the combustion reaction:
C₈H₁₈ + 25/2O₂ → 8CO₂ + 9H₂O
Let's calculate the mass of isooctane that reacts.
Density = Mass / Volume
Density . Volume = Mass
First of all, let's convert the volume in L to mL, so we can use density.
4.6×10¹⁰ L . 1000 mL / 1L = 4.6×10¹³ mL
0.792 g/mL . 4.6×10¹³ mL = 3.64 ×10¹³ g
This mass of isooctane reacts to produce CO₂ and water, so let's determine the moles of reaction
3.64 ×10¹³ g . 1mol / 114 g = 3.19×10¹¹ mol
Ratio is 1:8 so 1 mol of isooctane can produce 8 moles of dioxide
Therefore 3.19×10¹¹ mol would produce (3.19×10¹¹ mol . 8) = 2.55×10¹² moles of CO₂
Now, we can determine the mass of produced CO₂ by multipling:
moles . molar mass
2.55×10¹² mol . 44 g/mol = 1.12×10¹⁴ g of CO₂
If we convert to kg 1.12×10¹⁴ g / 1000 = 1.12×10¹¹ kg
The answer would be b. Temperature of the solution increases
Temperature determines the kinetic energy of the water molecule. Higher temperature will cause the molecule to moves faster and the compound (KNO3) could break solute molecule easier make it become more soluble. A higher pressure will increase the solubility of a gas, not solid
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