4? I don't know man, this made my brain hurt.
Answer:
Explanation:
This signifies a defect in mass. The phenomenon is known as mass defect. Mass defect is compares the mass of an isotope to that of the nucleons in the nucleus.
The mass defect implies the energy that was given off when the protons and neutrons combine to form the new helium atom. The mass defect helps us to understand why the mass of an atom might not eventually correspond to what we obtain theoretically by calculation.
+molecule size +steepness of the concentration gradient +temperature + steepness of the electric gradient +steepness
I have provided the answer in a detailed format with work shown.
The correct answer is option B. i.e. E°cell > 0 = spontaneous reaction.
The spontaneous reactions always have positive voltage and the energy released in the reaction is used up to do work.