4. Grass - Caterpillar - Hedgehog - Fox
5. Caterpillar, Rabbit, Mouse.
6. Cougar and Fox.
7. Bacteria
8. The bird, hedgehog, Fox and cougar would be effected since the Hedgehogs and birds would soon die out due to the loss of their food. Once they die out, the cougar and Fox would have no predators left to eat.
Answer:
B)
Explanation:
The value the scale shows is the reaction force to the normal force (they are equal by Newton's 3rd Law) that the scale exerts on Eric.
The forces on Eric are his weight (downward) and this normal force (upward), so we can write the net force over him as (also using Newton's 2nd Law):

which means

and for our values this is:
