Answer:
a. The resonance effect of the hydroxyl group stabilizes the anionic intermediate
Explanation:
The resonance effect stabilizes the the charge through the delocalization of the pi bonds. The resonance stabilization mainly occurs in the conjugated pi systems.
For example, phenol forms a strong hydrogen bonds than the nonaromatic alcohols as the 
dipole present in the hydroxyl group is being stabilized by the presence of the aromatic ring of phenol.
Thus the resonance effect of the hydroxyl group stabilizes the anionic intermediate.
Controlled variables: do not change as they must be held constant
Independent variables: are controlled and manipulated
Dependent variables: effected by changes to the independent variable
Hydrogen bonding occurs between polar molecules that have a hydrogen atom that is directly bonded to a nitrogen, an oxygen, or a fluorine atom. That creates an extremely polar molecule with a permanent net dipole moment.
A hydrogen bond (or H-bond) is a primarily electrostatic force of attraction between a hydrogen (H) atom which is covalently bound to a more electronegative "donor" atom or group, and another electronegative atom bearing a lone pair of electrons—the hydrogen bond acceptor (Ac). Such an interacting system is generally denoted Dn–H···Ac, where the solid line denotes a polar covalent bond, and the dotted or dashed line indicates the hydrogen bond.The most frequent donor and acceptor atoms are the second-row elements nitrogen (N), oxygen (O), and fluorine (F).
To learn more about hydrogen bond refer here:
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