The heat/enthalpy of vaporization of water represents the energy input required to convert one mole of water into vapor at a constant temperature. Intermolecular forces including hydrogen bondings of significant strength hold water molecules in place under its liquid state. Whereas the molecules experience almost no intermolecular interactions under the gaseous state- consider the way noble gases molecules interact. It is thus necessary to supply sufficient energy to overcome all intermolecular interactions present in the substance under its liquid state to convert the substance into a gas. The heat of vaporization is thus related to the strength of the intermolecular interactions.
Water molecules contain hydrogen atoms bonded directly to oxygen atoms. Oxygen atoms are highly electronegative and take major control of electrons in hydrogen-oxygen bonds. Hydrogen atoms in water molecules thus experience a strong partial-positive charge and would attract lone pairs of electron on neighboring water molecules. "Hydrogen bonds" refer to the attraction between hydrogen atoms bonded to electronegative elements and lone pairs of electrons. The hydrogen-oxygen bonds in water molecules are so polarized that hydrogen bonds in water are stronger than both dipole-dipole interactions and London Dispersion Forces in most other molecules. It thus take high amounts of energy to separate water molecules sufficiently apart such that they no longer experience intermolecular interactions and behave collectively like a gas. As a result, water has one of the highest heat of vaporization among covalent molecules of similar sizes.
Answer:
2,3–dimethylpentane
Explanation:
To know which option is correct, we shall determine the name of the compound.
To obtain the name of the compound, do the following:
1. Determine the longest continuous carbon chain. This gives the parent name of the compound.
2. Identify the substituent group attached to the compound.
3. Locate the position of the substituent group by giving it the lowest possible count.
4. Combine the above to obtain the name of the compound.
Now, we shall determine the name of the compound as follow:
1. The longest continuous carbon chain is 5. Thus, the parent name of the compound is pentane.
2. The substituent group attached is methyl (–CH₃)
3. There are two methyl group attached to the compound. One is located at carbon 2 and the other at carbon 3.
4. Therefore, the name of the compound is:
2,3–dimethylpentane
None of the options are correct.
P=nRTV
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Remember this.
Ionic molecules has ionic bonds
Nonpolar molecules has dispersion (Van del Waals)
Polar molecules could either have hydrogen bonding or Dipole-Dipole. Hydrogen bonding is when you have F, O or N with H, every other polar molecule is dipole-dipole.
a. polar- dipole-dipole
b. polar- hydrogen bonding
c. nonpolar- dispersion
d. nonpolar- dispersion
e. polar- dipole-dipole
f. polar-dipole-dipole
g. nonpolar- dispersion
h. polar- hydrogen bonding.
