In Rutherford's gold foil experiment, some of those particles were deflected back towards him and off to the side. This told him that the protons and electrons were not evenly dispersed. However, the particles that did pass through did so because the protons are located in a concentrated area in the center of the atom, and the electrons are dispersed in the empty space around it. At least, that is what Rutherford determined
Maybe. Like in hitch hikers guide to the galaxy, I need to consult with the super computer
Electrical energy changes to heat energy