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2 years ago

How the proton H gradient is used to make ATP

Chemistry

1 answer:

sladkih [1.3K]2 years ago

4 0

Answer:

The proton gradient produced by proton pumping during the electron transport chain is used to synthesize ATP. Protons flow down their concentration gradient into the matrix through the membrane protein ATP synthase, causing it to spin (like a water wheel) and catalyze conversion of ADP to ATP.

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8 l of water at 19 ∘c are mixed with 1.1 l of water at 47 ∘c in an insulated container. what is the final temperature of the sys

stepladder [879]

1692.9 is the answer

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3 years ago

Increased human population will most likely have which consequence? *

Lisa [10]

The answer would be B fossil fuel is used it cars so increasing human population therefore would increase the burning of fossil fuels

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3 years ago

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Which of these energy resources are renewable? Select all that apply.

xz_007 [3.2K]

The correct options are option B and D, that is, wind power and geothermal energy.

The form of energy which is gathered from renewable resources is known as renewable energy. This form of energy gets restocked on a human timescale like wind, sunlight, tides, waves, rain, and geothermal heat.

Renewable energy usually provides energy in four essential fields, that is, air and water heating/cooling, electricity generation, rural energy services, and transportation.

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3 years ago

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What is the theoretical yield of Ca(OH)2, in grams, if 31.8 g of CaO is hydrolyzed (reacted) in an excess of water?

Fiesta28 [93]

The theoretical yield of Ca(OH)₂ : 42.032 g

<h3>Further explanation</h3>

Given

31.8 g of CaO

Required

The theoretical yield of Ca(OH)₂

Solution

Reaction

CaO + H₂O⇒Ca(OH)₂

mol CaO (MW=56 g/mol) :

= mass : MW

= 31.8 g : 56 g/mol

= 0.568

From equation, mol Ca(OH)₂ = mol CaO = 0.568

Mass Ca(OH)₂ (MW=74 g/mol) :

= 0.568 x 74

= 42.032 g

6 0

3 years ago

A compound is made up of 28 g N, 24 g C, 48 g O, and 8 g H .What is the empirical formula?

vovikov84 [41]

Answer:

$\rm C_2H_8N_2O_3$ .

Explanation:

<h3>Step One: calculate the coefficients. </h3>

Look up the relative atomic mass of these four elements on a modern periodic table:

$\rm C$ : approximately $12$ .
$\rm H$ : approximately $1$ .
$\rm N$ : approximately $14$ .
$\rm O$ : approximately $16$ .

The relative atomic mass of an element is numerically equal to the mass (in grams, $\rm g$ ,) of one mole of atoms of this element.

For example, the relative atomic mass of $\rm C$ is approximately $12$ . Therefore, each mole of $\rm C\!$ atoms would have a mass of $12\; \rm g$ .

This sample contains $24\; \rm g$ of carbon. That would correspond to approximately $\displaystyle \left(\frac{24}{12}\right)\; \rm mol = 2\; \rm mol$ of $\rm C$ atoms.

Similarly, for the other three elements:

$\displaystyle n(\mathrm{H}) \approx \frac{8\; \rm g}{1\; \rm g \cdot mol^{-1}} = 8\; \rm mol$ .

$\displaystyle n(\mathrm{N}) \approx \frac{28\; \rm g}{14\; \rm g \cdot mol^{-1}} = 2\; \rm mol$ .

$\displaystyle n(\mathrm{O}) \approx \frac{48\; \rm g}{16\; \rm g \cdot mol^{-1}} = 3\; \rm mol$ .

Hence, the ratio between these elements in this compound would be:

$n(\mathrm{C}): n(\mathrm{H}): n(\mathrm{N}):n(\mathrm{O}) = 2: 8 : 2 : 3$ .

In the empirical formula of a compound, the coefficients should represent the smallest possible integer ratio between the number of atoms of these elements.

$n(\mathrm{C}): n(\mathrm{H}): n(\mathrm{N}):n(\mathrm{O}) = 2: 8 : 2 : 3$ is indeed the smallest possible integer ratio between the number of atoms of these elements.

<h3>Step Two: arrange the elements in an appropriate order</h3>

Apply the Hill System to arrange these four elements in the empirical formula. In the Hill System:

If carbon, $\rm C$ , is present in this compound, then:

$\rm C$ (carbon) and then $\rm H$ (hydrogen) will be the first two elements listed in the formula (ignore the hydrogen if it is not in the compound.)
The other elements in this compound will be listed in alphabetical order.

If there is no carbon $\rm C$ in this compound, then list all the elements in this compound in alphabetical order.

Both $\rm C$ (carbon) and $\rm H$ (hydrogen) are found in this compound. Therefore, the first element in the list would be $\rm C\!$ . The second would be $\rm H\!$ , followed by $\rm N\!$ and then $\rm O\!$ .

Hence, the empirical formula of this compound would be $\rm C_2H_8N_2O_3$ .

6 0

3 years ago