Answer:
(a) 
(b) 
Explanation:
We use Lorentz transformations, since they relate the measures of a physical magnitude obtained by two different observers, these are:

Here
is the spatial separation according to O,
is the spatial separation according to O',
is the time interval according to O,
is the time interval according to O',
is the relative speed between the two observers and
is the speed of light. All we do now is write the quantities we were given, recall that 
(a)

(b)

The minus sign means that the second event is closer for one observer and the first is closer for the other.
Their called rafts they lay them by surface of stagnant water
Her acceleration is zero, because her velocity is not changing.
Answer:
Speed is a scalar quantity it has only magnitude. So in the given scenario the student actually described about the velocity.
Explanation:
In this situation, student is describing that the speed is -10 m/s. The speed with the negative sign is wrong because speed is a scalar quantity and scalar quantities have only magnitude, they do not have direction. So, his statement is wrong because he is describing the speed with the negative sign.
And also we know that velocity is a vector quantity, so it has magnitude as well as direction also. So in this situation, the student is actually want to describe the velocity because he is mentioning the magnitude in a particular direction.
Answer:

Explanation:
Given that
Number of particle =N
Equilibrium temperature= T
Side of cube = L
Gravitational acceleration =g
The kinetic energy of an atom given as

Where
Equilibrium temperature= T
Boltzmann constant =K
K =1.380649×10−23 J/K