C. The neutron number.
An element is determined based on how many protons has, if the protons number change then you got a new element.
If the number of neuron change you got the same element except it will be a bit heavier or lighter if you are gaining or loosing neutrons. Those variations of an element are called the isotops of the element.
The protons and neutrons toghether form the nucleus of the atom that is heavy and dense as an elephant.
The electrons are light as fleas and stay on the shels of around the nucleus and if they are more then the number of protons they make the atom negatively charged and vice versa.
B. It is open to change as new evidence or data is discovered. If scientists discover new evidence, they must modify their theories to conform with the new data.
A. is <em>incorrect</em>. Scientific laws are so well established that there can be no exceptions.
C. is <em>incorrect</em>. A scientific theory is the collective judgement of scientists as to the best explanation for a phenomenon. A new observation may require modification of the theory.
D. is <em>incorrect</em>. Advancements in technology can provide new evidence that requires new explanations.
Because the Earth's orbit around the sun is not in the same plane as the Moon's orbit around the Earth.
Electrons uniting with electrons of another atom is the cause in this relationship. The effect is a chemical change.