Answer:
Here's what I get.
Explanation:
(b) Wavenumber and wavelength
The wavenumber is the distance over which a cycle repeats, that is, it is the number of waves in a unit distance.
Thus, if λ = 3 µm,
(a) Wavenumber and frequency
Since
λ = c/f and 1/λ = f/c
the relation between wavenumber and frequency is
Thus, if f = 90 THz
(c) Units
(i) Frequency
The units are s⁻¹ or Hz.
(ii) Wavelength
The SI base unit is metres, but infrared wavelengths are usually measured in micrometres (roughly 2.5 µm to 20 µm).
(iii) Wavenumber
The SI base unit is m⁻¹, but infrared wavenumbers are usually measured in cm⁻¹ (roughly 4000 cm⁻¹ to 500 cm⁻¹).
Answer:
Here's what I find.
Explanation:
Iodine-131
Iodine-131 is both a beta emitter and a gamma emitter.
About 90 % of the energy is β-radiation and 10 % is γ-radiation. Both forms are highly energetic.
The main danger is from ingestion. The iodine concentrates in thyroid gland, where the β-radiation destroys cells up to 2 mm from the tissues that absorbed it.
Both the β- and γ-radiation cause cell mutations that can later become cancerous. Small doses, such as those absorbed from the nuclear disasters in the Ukraine and Japan, can cause cancers years after the original iodine has disappeared.
Plutonium-239
Plutonium-239 is an alpha emitter.
Alpha particles cannot penetrate the skin, so external exposure isn't much of a health risk.
However, they are extremely dangerous when they are inhaled and get inside cells. They travel first to the blood or lymph system and later to the bone marrow and liver, where they cause up to 1000 times more chromosomal damage than beta or gamma rays.
It takes about 20 years for plutonium to be eliminated from the liver around 50 years for from the skeleton, so it has a long time to cause damage.
For the chemical reactiom to be at equilibrium:
1- The rate of forward reaction must be equal to the rate of the reverse reaction.
2- The mass of EACH element must be equal before and after the reaction (no NET change in mass), otherwise the equilibrium will shift.
Important note: you need to check the mass of each element before and after the reaction (i.e, reactants side and products side) and the not the mass of the system as a whole. This is because the mass of the whole system will be preserved whether the system is at equilibrium or not (this is the fundamental law of mass conservation)
Nuclear Fusion is the answer to the question who posted.
