<span>The student should
follow following steps to make 1 L of </span>2.0 M CaCl₂.<span>
<span>
1. First he should
calculate the number of moles of 2.0 M CaCl</span></span>₂ in 1 L solution.<span>
</span>Molarity of the solution = 2.0 M<span>
Volume of solution which should be prepared = 1 L
Molarity =
number of moles / volume of the solution
Hence, number of moles in 1 L = 2 mol
2. Find
out the mass of dry CaCl</span>₂ in 2 moles.<span>
moles =
mass / molar mass
Moles of CaCl₂ =
2 mol</span><span>
Molar mass of CaCl₂ = </span><span>110.98 g/mol
Hence, mass of CaCl</span>₂ = 2 mol x <span>110.98 g/mol
= 221.96
g
3. Weigh the mass
accurately
4. Then take a cleaned and dry1 L volumetric flask and place a funnel top of it. Then carefully add the salt into the volumetric flask and
finally wash the funnel and watch glass
with de-ionized water. That water also should be added into the volumetric
flask.
5. Then add some
de-ionized water into
the volumetric flask and swirl well until all salt are
dissolved.
<span>6. Then top up to
mark of the volumetric flask carefully.
</span></span>
7. As the final step prepared solution should be labelled.
<h2>HOPE THIS HELPS YOU ....</h2><h3>PLEASE MARK ME AS BRAINILIST...</h3>
<h3><em><u>solution</u></em><em><u>:</u></em></h3>
<em><u>The initial entropy is obtained from the initial pressure and temperature with data from A-6 using interpolation:</u></em>
<em><u>s</u></em><em><u>=</u></em><em><u> </u></em><em><u>8</u></em><em><u>.</u></em><em><u>26</u></em><em><u>5</u></em><em><u>2</u></em><em><u> </u></em><em><u>kJ</u></em><em><u>/</u></em><em><u>kgK</u></em>
<em><u>The final temperature is determined from the entropy and the final pressure with data from A-6 using interpolation:</u></em>
<em><u>T₂ = T₁+</u></em><em><u> </u></em><em><u>T₂ - </u></em><em><u>T₁</u></em><em><u>/</u></em><em><u> </u></em><em><u>8</u></em><em><u>₂</u></em><em><u> </u></em><em><u>-</u></em><em><u> </u></em><em><u>8</u></em><em><u>₁</u></em><em><u> </u></em><em><u>(</u></em><em><u> </u></em><em><u>s</u></em><em><u> </u></em><em><u>-</u></em><em><u> </u></em><em><u>s</u></em><em><u>₁</u></em><em><u>)</u></em>
<em><u>= </u></em><em><u>(</u></em><em><u>400 +</u></em><em><u> </u></em><em><u>500 - 400</u></em><em><u>/</u></em><em><u>8.3271</u></em><em><u> </u></em><em><u>-</u></em><em><u> </u></em><em><u>8.0347</u></em><em><u> </u></em><em><u>(8.2652 - 8</u></em><em><u>)</u></em><em><u>)</u></em>
<em><u>= 478.83°C</u></em>
<em><u>The final enthalpy is determined in the same way:</u></em>
<em><u>h₂= h₁</u></em><em><u> </u></em><em><u>+</u></em><em><u> </u></em><em><u>h₂</u></em><em><u> </u></em><em><u>-</u></em><em><u> </u></em><em><u>h₁</u></em><em><u>/</u></em><em><u>s</u></em><em><u>₂</u></em><em><u> </u></em><em><u>-</u></em><em><u> </u></em><em><u>s</u></em><em><u>₁</u></em><em><u> </u></em><em><u>( s - s₁)</u></em>
<em><u>= (</u></em><em><u> </u></em><em><u>3275.5</u></em><em><u>+</u></em><em><u> </u></em><em><u>3486.6 </u></em><em><u>-</u></em><em><u> </u></em><em><u>3275.5</u></em><em><u>/</u></em><em><u> </u></em><em><u>8.3271</u></em><em><u> </u></em><em><u>-</u></em><em><u> </u></em><em><u>8.0347</u></em><em><u>)</u></em><em><u> </u></em><em><u>(8.265</u></em><em><u>)</u></em>
<em><u>=</u></em><em><u> </u></em><em><u>3441.91 </u></em><em><u>kJ</u></em><em><u>/</u></em><em><u>kg</u></em>
The molarity is 31.0 * x / 2, such that x is the molar mass of Ca₃(PO₄)₂