Explanation:
It is more difficult to remove electrons from the second shell or energy level because of the imbalance between the positive nuclear charge and the remaining electrons.
- The amount of energy required to remove electrons in ground state of an atom is the ionization energy.
- The first ionization energy is the energy needed to remove the most loosely bound electron of an atom in the gas phase in ground state.
- The second energy has a greater nuclear pull as it is closer to the nucleus.
- Both potassium and silicon have the same number of energy levels.
C. the square root of the mass of the particles.
<h3>Further explanation </h3>
Graham's law: the rate of effusion of a gas is inversely proportional to the square root of its molar masses or
the effusion rates of two gases = the square root of the inverse of their molar masses:
or
From this equation shows that the greater the mass of the gas, the smaller the effusion rate of the gas and vice versa, the smaller the mass of the gas, the greater the effusion velocity.
So if both gases are at the same temperature and pressure, the above formula can apply
A polyatomic ion is a charged combination of individual atoms. The combination is regarded as a single unit when considering reactivity with other elements. Example: OH- which is a polyatomic ion made from one oxygen and hydrogen atom to form the negative hydroxide ion.
(On my left) (On my right side)
Na: 1. Na:1
Cl:2. Cl:1
Na:1 x 2 =2
Na:1 x 2=2
Cl: 1 x 2 = 2
Answer:
2Na + Cl2 -> 2NaCl
