An orbital that penetrates into the region occupied by core electrons is less shielded from nuclear charge than an orbital that does not penetrate and therefore has a lower energy.
Explanation:
The only true statement from the given options is that "an orbital that penetrates into the region occupied by core electrons is less shielded from nuclear charge than an orbital that does not penetrate and therefore has a lower energy." Inner orbitals which are also known to contain core electrons feels the bulk of the nuclear pull on them compared to the outermost orbitals containing the valence electrons.
- The nuclear pull is the effect of the nucleus pulling and attracting the electrons in orbitals.
- This pull is stronger for inner orbitals and weak on the outer ones.
- The outer orbitals are said to be well shielded from the pull of the nuclear charge.
- Also, based on the quantum theory, electrons in the outer orbitals have higher energies because they occupy orbitals at having higher energy value.
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Answer: 1. 3.914 × ^10-4 | 2. 4.781 × ^10-1
Explanation:
Molecules with a plane of symmetry between the chiral centers are achiral and meso. From the given molecules (Picture attached) only (A) compound 1 is meso.
When compounds possess a plane of symmetry between the chiral centers they are called achiral or meso compounds. Among the given compounds (A) compound 1 have a plane of symmetry. So we can say compound one is a meso or achiral compound. Compounds two, three, and four have no plane of symmetry, as you can see in the structures attached. So all other compounds (compound 2, compound 3, and compound 4) except compound one are not meso or achiral.
You can also learn about meso compounds from the following question:
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