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Lena [83]
2 years ago
14

Conditions of special concern: i. Suggest two reasons each why distillation columns are run a.) above or b.) below ambient press

ure. Be sure to state clearly which explanation is for above and which is for below ambient pressure. ii. Suggest two reasons each why reactors are run at a.) elevated pressures and/or b.) elevated temperatures. Be sure to state clearly which explanation is for elevated pressure and which is for elevated temperature
Engineering
1 answer:
lutik1710 [3]2 years ago
7 0

Solution :

Methods for selling pressure of a distillation column :

a). Set, \text{based on the pressure required to condensed} the overhead stream using cooling water.

  (minimum of approximate 45°C condenser temperature)

b). Set, \text{based on highest temperature} of bottom product that avoids decomposition or reaction.

c). Set, \text{based on available highest } not utility for reboiler.

Running the distillation column above the ambient pressure because :

The components to be distilled have very high vapor pressures and the temperature at which they can be condensed at or below the ambient pressure.

Run the reactor at an evaluated temperature because :

a). The rate of reaction is taster. This results in a small reactor or high phase conversion.

b). The reaction is endothermic and equilibrium limited increasing the temperature shifts the equilibrium to the right.

Run the reaction at an evaluated pressure because :

The reaction is gas phase and the concentration and hence the rate is increased as the pressure is increased. This results in a smaller reactor and /or higher reactor conversion.

The reaction is equilibrium limited and there are few products moles than react moles. As increase in pressure shifts the equilibrium to the right.

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A 12-ft circular steel rod with a diameter of 1.5-in is in tension due to a pulling force of 70-lb. Calculate the stress in the
padilas [110]

Answer:

The stress in the rod is 39.11 psi.

Explanation:

The stress due to a pulling force is obtained dividing the pulling force by the the area of the cross section of the rod. The respective area for a cylinder is:

A=\pi*D^2/4

Replacing the diameter the area results:

A= 17.76 in^2

Therefore the the stress results:

σ = 70/17.76 lb/in^2 = 39.11 lb/in^2= 39.11 psi

5 0
3 years ago
______ are an idication that your vehicle may be developing a cooling system problem.
iris [78.8K]

Answer:

The temperature gauge showing that the vehicle has been running warmer or has recently began to have issues from overheating is  an idication that your vehicle may be developing a cooling system problem.

Explanation:

8 0
3 years ago
.The war of the currents in the 1880's involved Thomas Edison and Nikola Tesla on a reality TV show stranded on an island. Each
natali 33 [55]

Answer:

True

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7 0
3 years ago
List two things that technological systems have in common.​
Sphinxa [80]

They all share the way that they are fundamentally designed: if they are quite complex, they will share the same basic logic foundations, like the way that the programming languages work. They also all share the method of construction and common and fundamental electronic components, like resistors, capacitors and transistors. As we humans design them, they make logical sense to at least someone, and probably only discounting the internet, you can probably draw logic diagrams and whatever to represent how they work.

Because they are designed by Humans, in a way they all mimic how our brains and society work. Also, as yet there are no truly intelligent technological systems, and are only able to react to a situation how they have been programmed to do so.

3 0
2 years ago
A single fixed pulley is used to lift a load of 400N by the application of an effort of 480N in 10s through a vertical height of
Allushta [10]

Answer:

(a) the velocity ratio of the machine (V.R) = 1

(b) The mechanical advantage of the machine (M.A) = 0.833

(c) The efficiency of the machine (E) = 83.3 %

Explanation:

Given;

load lifted by the pulley, L = 400 N

effort applied in lifting the, E = 480 N

distance moved by the effort, d = 5 m

(a) the velocity ratio of the machine (V.R);

since the effort applied moved downwards through a distance of d, the load will also move upwards through an equal distance 'd'.

V.R = distance moved by effort / distance moved by the load

V.R = 5/5 = 1

(b) The mechanical advantage of the machine (M.A);

M.A = L/E

M.A = 400 / 480

M.A = 0.833

(c) The efficiency of the machine (E);

E = \frac{M.A}{V.R} \times 100\%\\\\E = 0.833 \ \times \ 100\%\\\\ E = 83.3 \ \%

4 0
3 years ago
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