Answer:
Refracted
Explanation:
White light refracts when it passes through a prism. Each wavelength refracts at a different angle, and the emergent light forms a rainbow.
The answer is: lose electrons and form positive ions.
Most metals have strong metallic bond, because of strong electrostatic attractive force between valence electrons (metals usually have low ionization energy and lose electrons easy) and positively charged metal ions.
The ionization energy (Ei) is the minimum amount of energy required to remove the valence electron, when element lose electrons, oxidation number of element grows (oxidation process).
For example, magnesium has atomic number 12, which means it has 12 protons and 12 electrons. It lost two electrons to form magnesium cation (Mg²⁺) with stable electron configuration like closest noble gas neon (Ne) with 10 electrons.
Electron configuration of magnesium ion: ₁₂Mg²⁺ 1s² 2s² 2p⁶.
In the so called rain shadow effect we have interaction between all of the four major Earth spheres. When we have a coastal region where there's a high mountain range, the part of the mountain that is facing the sea will differ a lot from the part of the mountain that is on the other side. The water from the sea evaporates. The water vapor makes the air wet. The warm and wet air masses from the sea will come to the coastline, once they reach the mountain they will start to accumulate as they can not pass through it. As they accumulate rainfall appears. The rainfall contributes to a lush vegetation on this side of the mountain (windward side). The rain shadow effect appears on the leeward side of the mountain, and it mostly gets dry, strong, downward winds. These conditions result in drier climate, much less vegetation, and much increased erosion. Thus we can easily see that we have in this case interaction between the hydrosphere (the sea and the rainfall), the geosphere (the ground, soil, rocks), biosphere (the vegetation), and atmosphere (the winds, the clouds).
