Answer:
Mirages happen when the ground is very hot and the air is cool.
Explanation:
They happen when light passes through two layers of air with different temperatures. The desert sun heats the sand, which in turn heats the air just above it. The hot air bends light rays and reflects the sky.
When you see it from a distance, the different air masses colliding with each other act as a mirror.
a) 22.5 m/s
The initial vertical velocity is given by:
where
u = 35 m/s is the initial speed
is the angle of projection of the ball
Substituting into the equation, we find
b) 26.8 m/s
The initial horizontal velocity is given by:
where
u = 35 m/s is the initial speed
is the angle of projection of the ball
Substituting into the equation, we find
c) 2.30 s
The time it takes for the ball to reach the maximum heigth can be found by considering the vertical motion only. This is a uniformly accelerated motion (free-fall), so we can use the suvat equation
where
is the vertical velocity at time t
is the acceleration of gravity (negative because it is downward)
At the maximum height, the vertical velocity becomes zero, ; substituting, we find the time t at which this happens:
d) 25.8 m
The maximum height can also be found by considering the vertical motion only. We can use the following suvat equation:
where
s is the vertical displacement at time t
Substituting t = 2.30 s, we find the displacement at maximum height, so the maximum height:
e) 123.3 m
In order to find how far does the ball lands, we have to consider the horizontal motion.
First of all, the time it takes for the ball to go back to the ground is twice the time needed for reaching the maximum height:
Then, we consider the horizontal motion. There is no acceleration along this direction, so the horizontal velocity is constant:
Therefore, the horizontal distance travelled during the whole motion is
So, the ball lands 123.3 m far from the initial point.