What is the final, balanced equation that is formed by combining these two half reactions?

1 answer:

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Answer: Balanced equation that is formed by combining these two half reactions is $Cu + NO^{-}_{3} + 2H^{+} \rightarrow Cu^{2+} + NO^{-}_{2} + H_{2}O$ .

Explanation:

A chemical equation which contains same number of atoms on both reactant and product side is called a balanced chemical equation.

For example, $Cu \rightarrow Cu^{2+} + 2e^{-}$

$NO^{-}_{3} + 2e^{-} + 2H^{+} \rightarrow NO^{-}_{2} + H_{2}O$

On cancelling the common species from both these half-reactions, the complete balanced equation will be as follows.

$Cu + NO^{-}_{3} + 2H^{+} \rightarrow Cu^{2+} + NO^{-}_{2} + H_{2}O$

Thus, we can conclude that balanced equation that is formed by combining these two half reactions is $Cu + NO^{-}_{3} + 2H^{+} \rightarrow Cu^{2+} + NO^{-}_{2} + H_{2}O$ .

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Cytochromes are critical participants in the electron transport chains used in photosynthesis and cellular respiration. How do c

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Answer:

4) Each cytochrome has an iron‑containing heme group that accepts electrons and then donates the electrons to a more electronegative substance.

Explanation:

The cytochromes are proteins that contain heme prosthetic groups. Cytochromes undergo oxidation and reduction through loss or gain of a single electron by the iron atom in the heme of the cytochrome:

$Cytochrome-Fe²⁺ ⇄ cytochrome-Fe³⁺-e⁻$

The reduced form of ubiquinone (QH₂), an extraordinarily mobile transporter, transfers electrons to cytochrome reductase, a complex that contains cytochromes b and c₁, and a Fe-S center. This second complex reduces cytochrome c, a water-soluble membrane peripheral protein. Cytochrome c, like ubiquinone (Q), is a mobile electron transporter, which is transferred to cytochrome oxidase. This third complex contains the cytochromes a, a₃ and two copper ions. Heme iron and a copper ion of this oxidase transfer electrons to O₂, as the last acceptor, to form water.

Each transporter "downstream" is more electronegative than its neighbor "upstream"; oxygen is located in the inferior part of the chain. Thus, the electrons fall in an energetic gradient in the electron chain transport to a more stable localization in the electronegative oxygen atom.