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2 years ago

How does the number of substituents around a central atom affect the shape of a molecule?

1 answer:

4 0

Explanations:- The shape of the molecule depends on bonding groups and lone pair of electrons present in the central atom. We do the sum of these bonding groups and lone pair of electrons for the shape of the molecule. The presence of lone pair of electrons affects the shape (molecular geometry) of the molecule.

For example, methane is tetrahedral as four hydrogen atoms are bonded to carbon and there is no lone pair of electrons present on C. Here, the sum of bonding groups and lone pairs is 4.

On the other hands, in water, two H atoms are bonded to the central oxygen atom and also there are two lone pair of electrons present on oxygen atom. The sum is also 4 here but the molecular geometry is bent. The difference in geometries of these two molecules is because of the repulsion between the two lone pairs present on oxygen atom.

If we take an example of boron hydride then three H atoms are bonded to B and there is no lone pair of electrons present on B. The sum is 3 and so it's shape is trigonal planar.

So, the number of bonded atoms as well as the number of lone pairs present on the central atom decides the shape of the molecule.

If this helped, please give brainliest.

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3 years ago

Group the following electron configurations in pairs that would represent similar chemical properties at their atoms;

marishachu [46]

Answer: Pairs are: (a) and (d), (b) and (f), (c) and (e)

Explanation:

In a periodic table, elements are arranged in 18 vertical columns known as groups and 7 horizontal rows known as periods.

Elements arranged in a group show similar chemical properties because of the presence of same number of valence electrons.

Valence electrons are defined as the electrons which are present in the outermost shell of an atom. Outermost shell has the highest value of 'n' that is principal quantum number.

For the given options:

For a:

The given electronic configuration is: $1s^22s^22p^63s^2$

The number of valence electrons in the given configuration are 2

For b:

The given electronic configuration is: $1s^22s^22p^63s^3$

The number of valence electrons in the given configuration are [2 + 3] = 5

For c:

The given electronic configuration is: $1s^22s^22p^63s^23p^64s^23d^{10}4p^6$

The number of valence electrons in the given configuration are [2 + 6] = 8

For d:

The given electronic configuration is: $1s^22s^2$

The number of valence electrons in the given configuration are 2

For e:

The given electronic configuration is: $1s^22s^22p^6$

The number of valence electrons in the given configuration are [2 + 6] = 8

For f:

The given electronic configuration is: $1s^22s^22p^63s^23p^3$

The number of valence electrons in the given configuration are [2 + 3] = 5

Electronic configuration of (a) and (d) will form a pair, (b) and (f) will form a pair, (c) and (e) will form a pair and will have similar chemical properties.

Hence, the pairs are: (a) and (d), (b) and (f), (c) and (e)

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3 years ago

1.5 moles are present in 60.0 grams of calcium.

Andrew [12]

Answer:

True.

Explanation:

To know which option is correct, let us calculate the number of mole present in 60g of calcium. This is illustrated below:

Mass of Ca = 60g

Molar Mass of Ca = 40g/mol

Number of mole Ca =....?

Number of mole = Mass/Molar Mass

Number of mole of Ca = 60/40

Number of mole Ca = 1.5 moles.

From the calculations made above, we can see that 1.5 moles are present in 60.0 grams of calcium

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2 years ago