The presence of a large population of sludgeworms indicates water depleted of oxygen and a high level of organic pollution.
The sludgeworms Tubifex is harvested and sold as tropical fish food since it is common near sewer outlets and serves as a sign of water or organic pollution. Polychaetes are crucial in rearranging the silt on the ocean floor.
Organic contamination happens when too much organic material, such sewage or manure, gets into the water.
There will be more decomposers and sludgeworms in a pond as the organic content accumulates. These decomposers and sludgeworms develop quickly and consume a lot of oxygen as they do so.
Hence, Sludgeworms are a sign of an abundance of oxygen-depleted water and significant levels of organic pollutants.
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“Electronegativity is a measure of the tendency of an atom to attract a bonding pair of electrons.”
https://www.chemguide.co.uk/atoms/bonding/electroneg.html
^this link may help you understand. Good luck!
Answer:
It was called The Step Reconer
The unbalanced equation is BF3 + Li2 SO3 --> B2 (SO3)3 + LiF, where the numbers to the right of the symbols are subscripts. The balanced equation is 2 BF3 + 3 Li2SO3 ---> B2 (SO3)3 + 6LiF. The numbers in front of every formula (compound) are the respective coefficients. You can check that the equation is balanced counting every element: There are 2B in the side of the reactants and 2B in the side of the products; there are 6F in the side of the reactants and 6F in the side of the products; there are 6 Li in the side of the reactants and 6 Li in the side of the products; and there are 3 SO3 in the side of the reactants and 3 SO3 in the side of the products. <span>So, the coefficient of the LiF is 6.</span>
Answer:
Sulfate = tetrahedral
Explanation:
N° Geometry Formula
2 linear AX2
3 trigonal-planar AX3 or AX2E
4 tetrahedral AX4/AX3E/AX2E2
a) Nitrate = NO3-
⇒ AX3
⇒ bond angles = 120°
⇒ Coordination number = 3
⇒ Trigonal planar
b) Sulfate = SO42-
The central S
-atom has four electron domains. It has no lone pairs, so the electron geometry and the molecular geometry are tetrahedral.
⇒AX4
⇒ bond angles = 190.5°
⇒Coordination number = 4
⇒Tetrahedral
c) Chlorate = ClO3-
In ClO3-, the central atom is a Chlorine.
It has 7 valence electrons. The three oxygen form a double bond giving three bond pairs. The remaining two electrons make a lone pair. The total of 4 electron pairs shows that the molecule is sp3 hybridised.
The shape of sp3 hybrid molecule is a tetrahedral. But there is a lone pair. So, the geometry is <u>pyramidal</u>.
⇒AX4
⇒ bond angles = 190.5°
⇒Coordination number = 3
⇒pyramidal
Diffference between tetrahedral and pyramidal is that tetrahedral no has a lone pair, and has 4 atoms bonded to the central atom, while pyramidal has 1 lone pair and 3 atoms bonded to the central atom.
Sulfate has a tetrahedral geometry, which is a pyramidal structure
