If I owe you $1.76 in overtime pay, you receive $19.50 for each hour of OT. How many hours overtime are you owed?
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Answer: About 72 feet
The more accurate value is roughly 71.7260397 feet (however, this value isn't fully exact either).
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Explanation:
Check out the diagram below. It's effectively the same diagram your teacher provided, but I've added points M and N. I've left out any unnecessary lines.
- M = center of the circle
- N = location where the cable is anchored to the ground
We're told that "(the length of cable from) E to the ground is 35 feet", so this is the red portion of cable that I've marked this as NE = 35, ie segment NE is 35 feet long. We're also told that NF = 40 feet, which is also shown in red.
The blue portions are chords of the circle. We're given one chord as LE = 80 ft, while the other chord JF is what we want to find out.
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What we need to find is the radius of this circle. Right away, it's not clear what the radius is; however, we can use the chord LE = 80 to help find it.
It turns out that the chord length c is connected to the radius r and central angle theta like so:
c = 2*r*sin(0.5*theta)
where theta must be in radian mode. The central angle subtends the arc that forms the chord in question.
If we started at point L, and counted the number of spaces to get to E while going clockwise, then we can see that there are 5 spaces
Those five spaces could be written as
- The jump from L to A
- The jump from A to B
- The jump from B to C
- The jump from C to D
- The jump from D to E
Or you could mark it as such on the diagram for a visual reference. Overall, the circle has been cut into 12 equal slices. So going from L to E, going clockwise, will have us take up 5/12 of the full circle.
There are 2pi radians in a full circle, meaning the central angle LME is (5/12)*2pi = 5pi/6 radians.
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Plug theta = 5pi/6 and c = 80 into the formula mentioned. Isolate the radius.
c = 2*r*sin(0.5*theta)
80 = 2*r*sin(0.5*5pi/6)
80 = 2*r*sin(5pi/12)
80 = 2*r*0.9659258
80 = 2*0.9659258*r
80 = 1.9318516r
1.9318516r = 80
r = 80/1.931 8516
r = 41.4110483
The radius is approximate. The radius is in feet. Make sure your calculator is in radian mode.
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Now that we know the radius, we can determine how long chord JF is.
The central angle for chord JF is angle JMF
If we start at J and go to F, along the shorter path, then we've gone 4 spaces. This is 4/12 = 1/3 of the full circle. So the radian measure of angle JMF is (1/3)*2pi = 2pi/3 radians.
So,
c = 2*r*sin(0.5*theta)
c = 2*41.4110483*sin(0.5*2pi/3)
c = 71.7260397
Chord JF is roughly 71.7260397 feet long.
When rounding to the nearest foot, that's about 72 feet.
Answer:
In order to find the p value we can use the following code in excel:
"=CHISQ.DIST(13.482,21,TRUE)"
If we compare the p value and the significance level provided we see that so on this case we have enough evidence in order to FAIL reject the null hypothesis at the significance level provided. And that means that the population deviation is not significantly lower than 16.1 at 1% of significance.
Step-by-step explanation:
Notation and previous concepts
A chi-square test is "used to test if the variance of a population is equal to a specified value. This test can be either a two-sided test or a one-sided test. The two-sided version tests against the alternative that the true variance is either less than or greater than the specified value"
represent the sample size
represent the confidence level
represent the sample variance obtained
represent the value that we want to test
Null and alternative hypothesis
On this case we want to check if the population deviation is smaller than 16.1 (that's equivalent to check if the population variance is lower than 259.21:
Null Hypothesis:
Alternative hypothesis:
Calculate the statistic
For this test we can use the following statistic:
And this statistic is distributed chi square with n-1 degrees of freedom. We have eveything to replace.
Calculate the p value
In order to calculate the p value we need to have in count the degrees of freedom , on this case 21. And since is a left tailed test the p value would be given by:
In order to find the p value we can use the following code in excel:
"=CHISQ.DIST(13.482,21,TRUE)"
Conclusion
If we compare the p value and the significance level provided we see that so on this case we have enough evidence in order to FAIL reject the null hypothesis at the significance level provided. And that means that the population deviation is not significantly lower than 16.1 at 1% of significance.