Answer is: the discovery of sub atomic particles like electrons.
J. J. Thomson discovered the electron in 1897.
His "plum pudding" model (1904) suggested: the electrons are embedded in the positive charge.
With this model, he abandoned his earlier hypothesis (the atom was composed of immaterial vortices).
J.J. Thomson placed two oppositely charged electric plates around the cathode ray. He did experiments using different metals as electrode materials and found that the properties of the cathode ray remained constant no matter what cathode material he used.
Tomson concluded that atoms are divisible and that the corpuscles are their building blocks (atoms are made up of smaller particles).
Answer:
Multiply the number of moles in the product by the molecular weight of the product to determine the theoretical yield.
Explanation:
For example:
If you created 0.5 moles of Aluminium Oxide the molecular weight of Aluminium Oxide is 101.96g/mole, so you would get 50.98g as the theoretical yield.
So multiply,..
101.96x0.5= 50.98
This is the correct way to calculate the theoretical yield
......
Answer:
<h3>1)</h3>
Structure One:
Structure Two:
Structure Three:
Structure Number Two would likely be the most stable structure.
<h3>2)</h3>
- All five C atoms: 0
- All six H atoms to C: 0
- N atom: +1.
The N atom is the one that is "likely" to be attracted to an anion. See explanation.
Explanation:
When calculating the formal charge for an atom, the assumption is that electrons in a chemical bond are shared equally between the two bonding atoms. The formula for the formal charge of an atom can be written as:
.
For example, for the N atom in structure one of the first question,
- N is in IUPAC group 15. There are 15 - 10 = 5 valence electrons on N.
- This N atom is connected to only 1 chemical bond.
- There are three pairs, or 6 electrons that aren't in a chemical bond.
The formal charge of this N atom will be
.
Apply this rule to the other atoms. Note that a double bond counts as two bonds while a triple bond counts as three.
<h3>1)</h3>
Structure One:
Structure Two:
Structure Three:
In general, the formal charge on all atoms in a molecule or an ion shall be as close to zero as possible. That rules out Structure number one.
Additionally, if there is a negative charge on one of the atoms, that atom shall preferably be the most electronegative one in the entire molecule. O is more electronegative than N. Structure two will likely be favored over structure three.
<h3>2)</h3>
Similarly,
- All five C atoms: 0
- All six H atoms to C: 0
- N atom: +1.
Assuming that electrons in a chemical bond are shared equally (which is likely not the case,) the nitrogen atom in this molecule will carry a positive charge. By that assumption, it would attract an anion.
Note that in reality this assumption seldom holds. In this ion, the N-H bond is highly polarized such that the partial positive charge is mostly located on the H atom bonded to the N atom. This example shows how the formal charge assumption might give misleading information. However, for the sake of this particular problem, the N atom is the one that is "likely" to be attracted to an anion.
Answer:
- <u><em>No, I would not consider a metal to be a plasma because plasma is just another state of matter, and the copper wire is in solid state.</em></u>
Explanation:
Metal is not a state of matter. Metals can be solid or liquid (molten) depending on their melting point and the temperature at which they are.
Plasma is a state of matter, similar to gas, but it is reached only at very high temperatures like in the Sun. The particles in plasma state are not neutral atoms or molecules but negatively charged ions and electrons.
The copper wire is yet a solid, thus it cannot be considered a plasma.
Metals can be in plasma state only if the temperature is too high, like the temperatures in the stars. In fact, the metals in the Sun and other hotter stars are in plasma state.
The flat sheet will completely rust before the iron cube. Since they both have the same volume, the flat sheet has more surface area than the small cube. This means more particles are exposed on the flat sheet that can react in a chemical reaction.