Answer:c
Explanation: the speed of object a changes but b travels at constant speed
Answer:
The farther star will appear 4 times fainter than the star that is near to the observer.
Explanation:
Since it is given that the luminosity of the 2 stars is same thus they radiate the same energy per unit time
Consider a spherical wave front of energy 'E' that leaves both the stars (Both radiate 'E' as they have same luminosity)
This Energy is spread over the whole surface area of sphere Thus when the wave front is at a distance 'r' the energy per unit surface area is given by

For the star that is twice away from the earth the distance is '2r' thus we will receive an energy given by
Hence we sense it as 4 times fainter than the nearer star.
Answer:
The value is 
Explanation:
From the question we are told that
The magnitude of the horizontal force is 
The mass of the crate is 
The acceleration of the crate is 
Generally the net force acting on the crate is mathematically represented as

Here
is force of kinetic friction (in N) acting on the crate
So

=> 