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Ksenya-84 [330]
2 years ago
11

Suppose you start with one liter of vinegar and repeatedly remove 0.08 L, replace with water, mix, and repeat. a. Find a formula

for the concentration after n n steps.
Chemistry
1 answer:
Bumek [7]2 years ago
7 0

Answer:

0.92^n

Explanation:

Given that :

Initial amount of vinegar = 1 Litre

Number of litres removed repeatedly = 0.08 Litre

Since the amount removed each time is constant, then ;

Initial % = 100% = 100/100 = 1

. Using the relation :

Amount of vinegar in mixture :

Initial * (1 - amount removed / initial amount)^n

n = number of times repeated

1 * (1 - 0.08/1)^n

1 * (1 - 0.08)^n

1 * 0.92^n

Hence,

For nth removal,

Concentration will be :

0.92^n ; for n ≥ 1

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Determine Z and V for steam at 250°C and 1800 kPa by the following: (a) The truncated virial equation [Eq. (3.38)] with the foll
makvit [3.9K]

Answer:

Explanation:

Given that:

the temperature T_1 = 250 °C= ( 250+ 273.15 ) K = 523.15 K

Pressure = 1800 kPa

a)

The truncated viral equation is expressed as:

\frac{PV}{RT} = 1 + \frac{B}{V} + \frac{C}{V^2}

where; B = - 152.5 \ cm^3 /mol   C = -5800 cm^6/mol^2

R = 8.314 × 10³ cm³ kPa. K⁻¹.mol⁻¹

Plugging all our values; we have

\frac{1800*V}{8.314*10^3*523.15} = 1+ \frac{-152.5}{V} + \frac{-5800}{V^2}

4.138*10^{-4}  \ V= 1+ \frac{-152.5}{V} + \frac{-5800}{V^2}

Multiplying through with V² ; we have

4.138*10^4  \ V ^3 = V^2 - 152.5 V - 5800 = 0

4.138*10^4  \ V ^3 - V^2 + 152.5 V + 5800 = 0

V = 2250.06  cm³ mol⁻¹

Z = \frac{PV}{RT}

Z = \frac{1800*2250.06}{8.314*10^3*523.15}

Z = 0.931

b) The truncated virial equation [Eq. (3.36)], with a value of B from the generalized Pitzer correlation [Eqs. (3.58)–(3.62)].

The generalized Pitzer correlation is :

T_c = 647.1 \ K \\ \\ P_c = 22055 \  kPa  \\ \\ \omega = 0.345

T__{\gamma}} = \frac{T}{T_c}

T__{\gamma}} = \frac{523.15}{647.1}

T__{\gamma}} = 0.808

P__{\gamma}} = \frac{P}{P_c}

P__{\gamma}} = \frac{1800}{22055}

P__{\gamma}} = 0.0816

B_o = 0.083 - \frac{0.422}{T__{\gamma}}^{1.6}}

B_o = 0.083 - \frac{0.422}{0.808^{1.6}}

B_o = 0.51

B_1 = 0.139 - \frac{0.172}{T__{\gamma}}^{ \ 4.2}}

B_1 = -0.282

The compressibility is calculated as:

Z = 1+ (B_o + \omega B_1 ) \frac{P__{\gamma}}{T__{\gamma}}

Z = 1+ (-0.51 +(0.345* - 0.282) ) \frac{0.0816}{0.808}

Z = 0.9386

V= \frac{ZRT}{P}

V= \frac{0.9386*8.314*10^3*523.15}{1800}

V = 2268.01 cm³ mol⁻¹

c) From the steam tables (App. E).

At T_1 = 523.15 \  K \ and  \ P = 1800 \ k Pa

V = 0.1249 m³/ kg

M (molecular weight) = 18.015 gm/mol

V  =  0.1249 × 10³ × 18.015

V = 2250.07 cm³/mol⁻¹

R = 729.77 J/kg.K

Z = \frac{PV}{RT}

Z = \frac{1800*10^3 *0.1249}{729.77*523.15}

Z = 0.588

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