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In order from most to least similar:
1. Germanium
2. Lead
3. Phosphorus
4. Chlorine
The elements in the same column as the element you have are the most similar. The rows are not. For example, though chlorine and magnesium are in the same row, they have very different properties, whereas chlorine and fluorine more similar
Answer:
Explanation:
<u>Given the following data;</u>
Initial volume = 400 mL
Final volume = 2000 mL
Initial pressure = 3 atm
To find the final pressure P2, we would use Boyles' law.
Boyles states that when the temperature of an ideal gas is kept constant, the pressure of the gas is inversely proportional to the volume occupied by the gas.
Mathematically, Boyles law is given by;
Substituting into the equation, we have;
Answer:
Inter-molecular forces and molecular volumes are the chief reasons for lower measured pressure
Explanation:
The kinetic theory assumes that gas particles occupy a negligible fraction of the total volume of the gas. It also assumes that the force of attraction between gas molecules is zero.
However, during high pressure, the volume of the gas particles are not negligible compare to the total gas volume and as such the volume of a real gas under such condition is higher than the Ideal gas. Vander-waal attempted to modify the ideal gas equation by subtracting the excess volume from the ideal equation. The increased volume is the reason the measured pressure of a real gas is less than an ideal gas
On the other hand, close to condensation, the other assumption of negligible forces of attraction becomes invalid. As inter-molecular distances decrease, inter-molecular forces increase reducing the bombardment of the wall of the container due to restricted particle movement and lower measured gas pressure.
