Tough question, I would suggest using Google maybe, or just plain out asking your science teacher.
The structure of Methanol (CH₃OH) is shown below. This structure contains
2 lone pair of electrons on oxygen (highlighted red). Electronic configuration of oxygen is,
Oxygen = 8 = 1s², 2s², 2px², 2py¹, 2pz¹
There are six electrons in valence shell of oxygen, among these six electrons two electrons are unpaired and involved in forming covalent bond with hydrogen and carbon, while remaining 4 electrons in pair (i.e. 2s², 2px²) exists as lone pairs.
Because in CH4 the valence electrons of Carbon are being pulled away from the nucleus with the same force (since all hydrogen has the same electronegativity).So charges are equally distributed throughout the atom and the atom is non-polar. In CH3Cl Cl has a different electronegativity than H, so charges aren't equally distributed and therefore the molecule is polar.
Answer:
HOFO = (0, 0, +1, -1)
Explanation:
The formal charge (FC) can be calculated using the following equation:
<u>Where:</u>
V: are the valence electrons
N: are the nonbonding electrons
B: are the bonding electrons
The arrange of the atoms in the oxyacid is:
H - O₁ - F - O₂
Hence, the formal charge (FC) on each of the atoms is:
H: FC = 1 - 0 - 1/2*(2) = 0
O₁: FC = 6 - 4 - 1/2*(4) = 0
F: FC = 7 - 4 - 1/2*(4) = +1
O₂: FC = 6 - 6 - 1/2*(2) = -1
We can see that the negative charge is in the oxygen instead of the most electronegative element, which is the F. This oxyacid is atypical.
I hope it helps you!