Answer:
σ*2pₓ, also called
Explanation:
I have drawn the MO diagram for fluorine below.
Each F atom contributes seven valence electrons, so we fill the MOs of fluorine with 14 electrons.
We have filled the and
MOs.
They are the highest occupied molecular orbitals (HOMOs).
The next unfilled level (the LUMO) is the σ*2pₓ orbital. If you use the symmetry notation, it is called the orbital.
This is the orbital that fluorine uses when it acts as an electron acceptor.
Answer:
a. A buffer solution reacts with basic solutions.
c. A buffer solution reacts with acidic solutions.
e. A buffer solution resists small changes in pH
Explanation:
1. Buffer questions
a, c, and e are TRUE. A buffer resists a change in the pH when small amounts of a strong acid or base are added to it.
b is wrong. A buffer can have a pH of 7, but it can also have many other pH values.
d is wrong. Most buffers are colourless, and they resist a change in pH.
2. Titration curves
The solution is the best buffer at the mid-point of the titration curve.
In the figure below, the equivalence point is at 13 mL, so the mid-point is at 6.5 mL.
The solution is buffered at pH 3.2.
However, the solution is a buffer at any point in the range pH = 3.2 ± 1.
That would be in the range of 1 mL to 12 mL.
The buffering ability becomes worse the further you are from the mid-point of the titration.
