C, due to stuff and whatnot
Bohr, he invented the Bohr model which is the basis for the beginning of quantum physics.
Speed has only magnitude and no direction.
Answer: -31.36 m/s
Explanation:
This is a problem of motion in one direction (specifically vertical motion), and the equation that best fulfills this approach is:
(1)
Where:
is the final velocity of the supply bag
is the initial velocity of the supply bag (we know it is zero because we are told it was "dropped", this means it goes to ground in free fall)
is the acceleration due gravity (the negtive sign indicates the gravity is downwards, in the direction of the center of the Earth)
is the time
Knowing this, let's solve (1):
(2)
Finally:
Note the negative sign is because the direction of the bag is downwards as well.
The heat released by the water when it cools down by a temperature difference

is

where
m=432 g is the mass of the water

is the specific heat capacity of water

is the decrease of temperature of the water
Plugging the numbers into the equation, we find

and this is the amount of heat released by the water.