Answer:
The energy required to remove the the electrons from gaseous atom is called ionization energy.
Explanation:
Ionization energy:
The amount of energy required to remove the electron from gaseous atom is called ionization energy.
Trend of ionization energy in periodic table:
Along period:
The atomic size tend to decrease in same period of periodic table with increase of atomic number because the electrons are added with in the same shell. When the electron are added, at the same time protons are also added in the nucleus. The positive charge is going to increase and this charge is greater in effect than the charge of electrons. This effect lead to the greater nuclear attraction. The electrons are pull towards the nucleus and valance shell get closer to the nucleus. As a result of this greater nuclear attraction atomic radius decreases and ionization energy increases because it is very difficult to remove the electron from atom and more energy is required.
Along group:
Atomic size increases with increase of atomic number from top to bottom. The nuclear attraction on valance shell became weaker and thus it becomes easy to remove an electron from valance shell and this can be done with less amount of energy. That's why ionization energy decreases from top to bottom.
Answer:
See attachment.
Explanation:
Mono-substituted cyclohexanes are more stable with their substituents in an equatorial position. However, with poly-substituted cyclohexanes, the situation is more complex since the steric effects of all substituents have to be taken into account. In this case, you can see that <u>the interconversion is shifted towards the conformation in the bottom because there is less tension between the substituents</u>.
Answer:
positive: proton
negative: electrons
no charge/nuetral: nuetron
Explanation:
no charge could be also described as nuetral.
When the number of electrons decreases, the charge of the atom becomes more positive.
