What does the transformation f(x) --> -f(x) do to the graph of f(x)
1 answer:
Answer: D) Reflect over x-axis
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Explanation:
When we do this type of reflection, a point like (1,2) moves to (1,-2).
As another example, something like (5,-7) moves to (5,7)
The x coordinate stays the same but the y coordinate flips in sign from positive to negative, or vice versa.
We can say that as a general way to represent the transformation. Note how y = f(x), so when we make f(x) negative, then we're really making y negative.
If we apply this transformation to every point on f(x), then it will flip the f(x) curve over the horizontal x axis.
There's an example below in the graph. The point A(2,8) moves to B(2,-8) after applying that reflection rule.
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Answer:
a) An alternating series is a whose terms are alternately positive and negative
b) An alternating series where bn = |an|, converges if
for all n, and
0
c) The error involved in using the partial sum sn as an approximation to the total sum s is the remainder Rn = s − sn and the size of the error is bn + 1
Step-by-step explanation:
<em>Part a</em>
An Alternating series is an infinite series given on these three possible general forms given by:
For all
The initial counter can be n=0 or n =1. Based on the pattern of the series the signs of the general terms alternately positive and negative.
<em>Part b</em>
An alternating series where bn = |an| converges if
for all n and
=0
Is necessary that limit when n tends to infinity for the nth term of bn converges to 0, because this is one of two conditions in order to an alternate series converges, the two conditions are given by the following theorem:
<em>Theorem (Alternating series test)</em>
If a sequence of positive terms {bn} is monotonically decreasing and
<em><em>, then the alternating series
converges if:</em></em>
<em>i) </em>
<em>ii) </em>
then <em> converges</em>
<em>Proof</em>
For this proof we just need to consider the sum for a subsequence of even partial sums. We will see that the subsequence is monotonically increasing. And by the monotonic sequence theorem the limit for this subsquence when we approach to infinity is a defined term, let's say, s. So then the we have a bound and then
for all n, and that implies that the series converges to a value, s.
And this complete the proof.
<em>Part c</em>
An important term is the partial sum of a series and that is defined as the sum of the first n terms in the series
By definition the Remainder of a Series is The difference between the nth partial sum and the sum of a series, on this form:
Rn = s - sn
Where represent the partial sum for the series and s the total for the sum.
Is important to notice that the size of the error is at most by the following theorem:
<em>Theorem (Alternating series sum estimation)</em>
<em>If is the sum of an alternating series that satisfies</em>
<em>i) </em>
<em>ii) </em>
Then then
<em>Proof</em>
In the proof of the alternating series test, and we analyze the subsequence, s we will notice that are monotonically decreasing. So then based on this the sequence of partial sums sn oscillates around s so that the sum s always lies between any two consecutive partial sums sn and sn+1.
And this complete the proof.