Answer:
(a) 43.2 kC
(b) 0.012V kWh
(c) 0.108V cents
Explanation:
<u>Given:</u>
- i = current flow = 3 A
- t = time interval for which the current flow =

- V = terminal voltage of the battery
- R = rate of energy = 9 cents/kWh
<u>Assume:</u>
- Q = charge transported as a result of charging
- E = energy expended
- C = cost of charging
Part (a):
We know that the charge flow rate is the electric current flow through a wire.

Hence, 43.2 kC of charge is transported as a result of charging.
Part (b):
We know the electrical energy dissipated due to current flow across a voltage drop for a time interval is given by:

Hence, 0.012V kWh is expended in charging the battery.
Part (c):
We know that the energy cost is equal to the product of energy expended and the rate of energy.

Hence, 0.108V cents is the charging cost of the battery.
The working equation to be used for this is written below:
E = kQ/d²
where
E is the electric field
k is a constant equal to 8.99 x 10⁹ N m²/C²
Q is the charge
d is the distance
E = (8.99 x 10⁹ N m²/C²)(17×10⁻⁹ C)/(0.05 m)²
E = 61,132 N/C
Because the box keeps going straight at the same speed, while the seat under it speeds up, slows down, or changes direction.