<span>Answer: option (3) energy, charge and mass.
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<span>Explanation:
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<span>1) The conservation of energy is a universal principle: energy is neither created nor destroyed. This is the first law of thermodynamic.
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<span>2) Mass conservation is another universal principle: mass is neither created nor destroyed. This principle is the base of the stochiometry: thas mass of the reactans equal the mass of the products. Another consequence, since the atoms are not transformed in the chemical reactions, is that the number of each kind of atoms in the reactants equal the number of the same kind of atoms in the products.
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<span>3) The third principle is the conservation of charge. Also, charge is neither created nor destroyed. The electrons gained/lost by one species are lost/gained by other species. So, when one atom or molecule is oxidized other is reduced.</span>
Answer/Explanation:
Things that will vary include the distribution of electrons between atoms, lone pairs, and bonds, the number of single vs double or triple bonds, and the formal charges on atoms in the structure.
All resonance forms of the same molecule or ion must have the same number of atoms, connected in the same way, and the same number of total electrons.
Answer:
THE hard-water effect is a recognized source of error in radiocarbon dating. It causes ages to be over-assessed and arises when the material to be dated, such as mollusc shell or plant, synthesizes its skeleton under water and so uses bicarbonate derived in part from old, inert sources.
https://www.nature.com/articles/240460a0#:~:text=THE%20hard%2Dwater%20effect%20is,part%20from%20old%2C%20inert%20sources.
