Petrochemicals are separated into 3 groups: Olefins, Aromatics, and Synthesis Gas.
Olefins: Ethelyne (Plastic Products), Propelyne (Plastic Products), and Butadiene (Synthetic Rubber)
Aromatics: Benzene (Dyes), Toluene (Polyurethane), and Xylenes (Synthetic Fibers)
Synthesis Gas: Ammonia (Fertilizer Urea) and Methanol (Chemical intermediate)
Answer:
Sodium gives its extra electron to the chlorine atom. Now both have 8 electrons in their valence and are stable.
Explanation:
Second Ionization energy is required to move from Ca⁺ to Ca²⁺ + e⁻. Hence, option D is correct.
<h3>What is first ionization energy?</h3>
First ionization energy: The energy needed to remove the outermost, or highest energy, an electron from a neutral atom in the gas phase.
An element's second ionization energy is the energy required to remove the outermost, or least bound, an electron from a 1+ ion of the element. Because positive charge binds electrons more strongly, the second ionization energy of an element is always higher than the first.
Let us write the reaction equation properly:
Ca⁺ → Ca²⁺ + e⁻
In the reaction above, we see that calcium goes from a single charge to being doubly charged by losing an electron.
Different atoms bind their valence electrons with different amounts of energy. We must supply enough energy to remove the most loosely held electrons in an atom. This amount of energy required is called ionization energy.
The first ionization energy removes the outermost electron and makes the atom to become an ion.
Hence, option D is correct.
Learn more about the ionization energy here:
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Answer:
<h2>mass = 19.98 g</h2>
Explanation:
To find the mass of 1.11 mol of H2O we must first find it's molecular mass after that we use the formula
<h3>m = M × n</h3>
where
m is the mass
M is the molecular mass
n is the number of moles
From the question
n = 1.11 mol
Taking
M( H) = 1 g/mol , M(O) = 16 g/mol
We have
M( H2O) = 2 + 16 = 18 g/mol
So we have
m = 1.11 × 18
We have the final answer as
<h3>mass = 19.98 g</h3>
Hope this helps you
