a) Yes because spiderman isn’t part of the system (the train), so he exerts an external force on the system, causing it to slow. The sign is negative because the train is slowing negative.
b) The train was initially moving, so it had kinetic energy, the energy of movement. There isn’t the same amount anymore because spiderman did work onto the train. Work is defined by the change of kinetic energy of the system, so the train didn’t have the same amount of that type of energy at the end.
Plugging in for the Earth's mass and for G, we have 11.2 km/s for the escape velocity for an object launched from the Earth's surface. This is about 25,000 miles per hour
