Answer:
electron-electron repulsion
Explanation:
When electrons add into valence shell of neutral elements, the element assumes a negative oxidation state. With this, the number of electrons having (-) charges will be larger than the number of protons having positive (+) charges. As a result, the extra electrons repel one another (i.e., like charges repel) and a larger radius is the result.
In contrast, when cations are formed, electrons are removed from the valence level (oxidation) producing an element having a greater number of protons than electrons. The larger number of protons will function to attract the electron cloud with a greater force that results in a contraction of atomic radius and a smaller spherical volume than the neutral unionized element.
To visualize, see attached chart that shows atomic and ionic radii before and after ionization of the elements.
Answer:
Aluminum loses three valence shell electrons to become the aluminum ion Al+3. Nitrate is a polyatomic ion with the formula NO3 -1.
Answer:
- <u><em>1.7 × 10³ kg of ore.</em></u>
Explanation:
Call X the amount of aluminum ore mined to produce 1.0 × 10³ kg the aluminum metal.
Then, taking into account the yield of the reaction (82 % = 0.82) and the percent of aluminun in the ore (71% = 0.71), you can write the following equation:
- X × 71% × 82% = 1.0 × 10³ kg
↑ ↑ ↑ ↑
(mass of ore) (% of Al in the ore) (yield) ( Al metal to obtain)
You must just simplify, solve and compute:
- X = 1,000 / (0.71 × 0.82) = 1,000 / 0.5822 = 1,717.6 Kg
Round to two significant figures; 1,700 kg = 1.7 × 10³ kg of ore ← answer.
