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tigry1 [53]
3 years ago
9

If you want to form a kinetic enolate, you want to:______.A. use a strong, non-nucleophilic base such as LDA.B. use a protic sol

vent.C. use a low temperature.D. both use a strong, non-nucleophilic base such as LDA and use a low temperature.E. both use a strong, non-nucleophilic base such as LDA and use a protic solvent.F. both use a protic solvent and use a low temperature.
Chemistry
1 answer:
stellarik [79]3 years ago
3 0

Answer:

D. both use a strong, non-nucleophilic base such as LDA and use a low temperature.

Explanation:

The more stable enolate is the thermodynamic enolate, and a less stable is known as the kinetic enolate.

The less stable enolate has a less substituted product, while the more stable product has a more substituted product.

Now, to form a kinetic enolate, we need to choose a strong, non-nucleophilic base such as LDA to attract hydrogen from the less substituted site. However, an increase in temperature results in an increase in a reaction, which leads to the formation of a stable product.

So, to form the kinetic enolate, a low temperature will be required.

Thus, To form a kinetic enolate, both use a strong, non-nucleophilic base such as LDA and use a low temperature.

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<h3>1</h3>

Species shown in bold are precipitates.

  • Ca(NO₃)₂ + 2 KOH → Ca(OH)₂ + 2 KNO₃
  • Ca(NO₃)₂ + Na₂C₂O₄ → CaC₂O₄ + 2 NaNO₃
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  • Cu(NO₃)₂ + 2 KOH → Cu(OH)₂ + 2 KNO₃
  • Cu(NO₃)₂ + Na₂C₂O₄ → CuC₂O₄ + 2 NaNO₃
  • Ni(NO₃)₂ + 2 KOH → Ni(OH)₂ + 2 KNO₃
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  • Zn(NO₃)₂ + 2 KOH → Zn(OH)₂ + 2 KNO₃
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<h3>2</h3>

A double replacement reaction takes place only if it reduces in the concentration of ions in the solution. For example, the reaction between Ca(NO₃)₂ and KOH produces Ca(OH)₂. Ca(OH)₂ barely dissolves. The reaction has removed Ca²⁺ and OH⁻ ions from the solution.

Some of the reactions lead to neither precipitates nor gases. They will not take place since they are not energetically favored.


<h3>3</h3>

Compare the first and last row:

Both Ca(NO₃)₂ and Zn(NO₃)₂ react with KOH. However, between the two precipitates formed, Ca(OH)₂ is more soluble than Zn(OH)₂.

As a result, add the same amount of KOH to two Ca(NO₃)₂ and Zn(NO₃)₂ of equal concentration. The solution that end up with more precipitate shall belong to Zn(NO₃)₂.


<h3>4</h3>

Compare the second and third row:

Cu(NO₃)₂ reacts with KI, but Ni(NO₃)₂ does not. Thus, add equal amount of KI to the two unknowns. The solution that forms precipitate shall belong to Cu(NO₃)₂.

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