Water Vapor and carbon dioxide
The borders (coastlines) of the continents underwent a number of changes
since the split. Often, chunks of land were washed away with water,
slowly or in bigger portions. The coast was generally "smoothed" by the
ocean currents too, and in some places more land was added with the
material that the ocean currents brought.
Then, the tectonic plates continue to move, so this adds to the changes of the shape of the continents.
The A antibodies will produce A antibodies and the B antibodies will produce B antibodies
D) no change in cardiac output, increased heart rate, decreased stroke volume occurs after blood donation
Explanation:
When a person donates blood, there is a slight loss of blood volume or hypovolemia. This triggers the baroreceptors of the blood; although does not trigger the osmoreceptor.
The baroreceptor responses are according to the arterial pressure which rises momentarily and results in increased sympathetic activity with decreased vagal activity.
These changes will lead to vasoconstriction, reduced stroke volume, increased heart rate or tachycardia which helps to maintain the cardiac output.
The soreness at the venepuncture site on the skin is due to bruising which is common after any needleprick. applying cold pack, elevating and resting the arm.
In order to compensate for the fluid volume loss and avoid dehydration, one must take plenty of fluids before and after blood donation.
