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iris [78.8K]
3 years ago
7

1) Draw a particle picture of liquid lemonade turning into a solid popsicle BEFORE AFTER

Chemistry
1 answer:
Juli2301 [7.4K]3 years ago
5 0

Explanation:

The particles are further apart in liquids than in solids so when the lemonade changes from a liquid to a solid, the particles would become closer.

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Can anyone can answer practice problem exercise 6.5
NemiM [27]

Answer: Add more information please! Thanks!

Explanation:

6 0
3 years ago
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When writing the chemical formulas for a molecular compound, what method do you use?​
podryga [215]

Answer:

A molecular compound is usually composed of two or more nonmetal elements. Molecular compounds are named with the first element first and then the second element by using the stem of the element name plus the suffix -ide.

4 0
3 years ago
Why do you require an acid catalyst to make an ester? Why not just mix acid and alcohol? Describe an alternate method of making
djverab [1.8K]

Answer:Acid catalyst is needed to increase the electrophilicity of Carbonyl group of Carboxylic acid as alcohol is a weak nucleophile.

Alternatively esters can be synthesised by converting carboxylic acid into acyl chloride using thionyl chloride(SOCl_{2} and then further treating acyl chloride with alcohol.

Carboxylic acid and esters can be easily distinguished on the basis of IR as carboxylic acid would contain a broad intense peak in 2500-3200cm_{-1} corresponding to OH stretching frequency whereas esters would not contain any such broad intense peak.

Alcohol and esters can also be distinguished using IR as alcohols would contain a broad intense peak at around 3200-3600cm_{-1}

Explanation: For the synthesis of esters using alcohol and carboxylic acid we need to add a little amount of acid in the reaction . The acid used here increases the electrophilicity of carbonyl carbon and hence makes it easier for a weaker nucleophile like alcohol to attack the carbonyl carbon of acid.

The oxygen of the carbonyl group is protonated using the acidic proton which  leads to the generation of positive charge on the oxygen. The positive charge generated is delocalised over the whole acid molecule and hence the electrophilicity of carbonyl group is increased. Kindly refer attachment for the structures.

If we simply mix the acid and alcohol then no appreciable reaction would take place between them and ester formation would not take place because the carboxylic acid in that case is not a good electrophile whereas alcohol is also not a very strong nucleophile which can attack the carbonyl group.

Alternatively we can use thionyl chloride or any other reagent which can convert the carboxylic acid into acyl chloride. Acyl chloride is very elctrophilic and alcohol can very easily attack the acyl chloride and esters could be synthesized.

The carboxylic acid and ester can very easily be distinguished on the basis of broad intense OH stretching frequency peak at around 2500-3200cm_{-1} . The broad intense OH stretching frequency peak is present in carboxylic acids as they contain OH groups and absent in case of esters .

Likewise esters and alcohols can also be distinguished on the basis IR spectra as alcohols will have broad intense spectra  at around 3200-3600cm_{-1}corresponding to OH stretching frequency whereas esters will not have any such peak. Rather esters would be having a Carbonyl stretching frequency at around 1720-1760

4 0
2 years ago
​what is the energy density of hard-boiled egg weighing 50 grams and delivering 78 kcalories?
ipn [44]
The energy density is calculated by dividing the energy given by the mass of the material. From this item, the energy is 78 kcal and the mass is 50 grams. Performing the operation will give us an answer of 1.56 kcal/grams. 
8 0
3 years ago
3. Sulfur dioxide (SO2) can be reduced by hydrogen disulfide (H2S), producing sulfur in its elemental form and water (H2O). Usin
Dafna1 [17]
The reaction between h2s and so2 results to h20 and elemental sulfur. The final reaction is SO2 +2H2S = 3S+ 2H2O. Using Hess law, the first equation is reversed and multiplied by 2, the second and the third equation remains the same. Calculating the overall enthalpy, the answer is 52.2 kJ. 
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2 years ago
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