Answer:
a. Polar
b. Polar
c. Non-polar
d. Non-polar
Explanation:
a. 
, hydronium cation contains a positive charge. Just as any other ion, it is polar, as it has a net charge.
b. 
has the same shape as water. There are two lone pairs on sulfur atom which produce an overall dipole moment in this molecule, the bent structure is polar.
c. 
is non-polar, as the central atom, phosphorus, doesn't contain any lone pairs, all the dipole moments cancel out: two dipole moments in the vertical plane, P-Cl, and three P-Cl dipoles in the horizontal plane within a trigonal bipyramidal shape.
d. 
is non-polar, since it's a tetrahedral molecule with no lone pairs on carbon atom, all four C-F dipole moments cancel out to yield a net 0 dipole moment.
Answer:
Product: ethyl L-valinate
Explanation:
If we want to understand what it is the molecule produced we have to an<u>alyze the reagents</u>. We have valine an <u>amino acid</u>, in this kind of compounds we have an <em>amine group</em> (
) and a <em>carboxylic acid</em> group (
). Additionally, we have an <u>alcohol </u>(
) in the presence of HCl (a <u>strong acid</u>) in the first step, and a base (
).
When we have an acid and an alcohol in a vessel we will have an <u>esterification reaction</u>. In other words, an ester is produced. As the <em>first step,</em> the oxygen in the C=O (in the carboxylic acid group) would be protonated. In the <em>second step</em>, the ethanol attacks the carbon in the C=O of the carboxylic acid group producing a new bond between the oxygen in the ethanol and the carbon in the carboxylic acid. In <em>step 3</em>, a proton is transferred to produce a better leaving group (
). In <em>step 4</em>, a water molecule leaves the main structure to produce again the double bond C=O. <em>Finally</em>, a base () removes the hydrogen from the C=O bond to produce ethyl L-valinate
See figure 1
I hope it helps!
A solution with a pH of 6.52 has a hydronium ion concentration of 3.02x10-7 mol/L and a hydroxide ion concentration of 3.31x10-8 mol/L.
The hydronium ion concentration of a solution can be calculated from pH by using 
. For a pH of 6.52, hydronium ion concentration is 3.02x10-7 mol/L.
The concentration of hydroxide ions can be determined by identifying the value of pOH. The sum of pOH and pH is equal to 14, which is based on the negative logarithm of the ion-product constant of water. At a pH of 6.52, pOH is equal to 7.48.
The relationship between pOH and hydroxide ion concentration is the same as the relationship between pH and hydronium ion concentration. With this, the hydroxide ion concentration at pOH of 7.48 is 
or 3.31x10-8 mol/L.
For more information regarding pH and pOH, please refer to the link brainly.com/question/13557815.
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Answer:
I think that it might be cytoplasm
Explanation:
I got this from google
Cytoplasm is a thick solution that fills each cell and is enclosed by the cell membrane. It is mainly composed of water, salts, and proteins.
