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Answer:
i can't read it.. maybe upload a visible picture?
Question 3 is uniformitarianism
Question 4 is sedimentary rock
Explanation:
a) The amount of heat released by coffee will be absorbed by aluminium spoon.
Thus, 
To calculate the amount of heat released or absorbed, we use the equation:

Also,
..........(1)
where,
q = heat absorbed or released
= mass of aluminium = 45 g
= mass of coffee = 180 g
= final temperature = ?
= temperature of aluminium = 
= temperature of coffee = 
= specific heat of aluminium = 
= specific heat of coffee= 
Putting all the values in equation 1, we get:
![45 g\times 0.80J/g^oC\times (T_{final}-24^oC)=-[180 g\times 4.186J/g^oC\times (T_{final}-83^oC)]](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=45%20g%5Ctimes%200.80J%2Fg%5EoC%5Ctimes%20%28T_%7Bfinal%7D-24%5EoC%29%3D-%5B180%20g%5Ctimes%204.186J%2Fg%5EoC%5Ctimes%20%28T_%7Bfinal%7D-83%5EoC%29%5D)

80.30 °C is the final temperature.
b) Energy flows from higher temperature to lower temperature.Whenever two bodies with different energies and temperature come in contact. And the resulting temperature of both bodies will less then the body with high temperature and will be more then the body with lower temperature.
So, is our final temperature of both aluminium and coffee that is 80°C less than initial temperature of coffee and more than the initial temperature of the aluminum.
We must to know:
Cm = molarity = niu / Vs, when the niu = no. of moles and Vs = Volume of solution
the no. niu = mass / molecular mass of substance
molecular mass of C8H8 = 12x8+8x1 = 104 g/mol
=> niu = 1,5 / 104 = 0,0144 moles C8H8
=> Cm = 0,0144/0,225 = 0,06 mol/L
Cmm = molality = niu (C8H8) / mass of solvent (kg)
=> p = mass / V => mass (solvent) = p x V
=> 225 x 1,02 = 229,5 g solvent = 0,2295 kg solvent
=> Cmm = 0,0144 / 0,229,5 = 0,063